River scare today.

Opportunity perhaps, but didn’t happen

– Last Updated: Jun-19-14 9:56 PM EST –

The opportunities to jet-ferry, as would be possible if parked in an eddy and needing to cross an adjacent zone of rapid flow, may indeed have been present here and there, but the OP's boat never ended up in such places so the point remains moot. Even if he had encountered that situation the point would still be moot since he wouldn't have been able to execute the maneuver at his skill level, even with a more-suitable boat (what's more, any person who already knows how to do this would be perfectly able to make it happen in "the wrong boat" - he/she would just be less comfortable while doing so).

We know he didn't get into situations suitable for a jet-ferry because with all the emphasis he put on telling us how he was unable to make good progress paddling upstream, it's a pretty sure thing he didn't forget to tell us how he lost control and his boat was spun end for end, or that he got the feeling while in his boat that was just as if someone had yanked a rug out from under his feet. No, I don't think he forgot to tell us those things. These things didn't happen, and the main detail of his story is pretty much as he described. In that case, the really basic means of getting to shore which have been mentioned, methods requiring no special boat and no edging, would have been quite sufficient.

Oh, by the way, for general ferrying when NOT in a situation where the boat has not just entered a new zone of current of different velocity, edging is pointless (seems I've said that before, and to simply say otherwise rather than suggesting a reason why gets us nowhere). The boat can't tell that it's drifting with a steady current as you paddle, anymore than you can feel a force applied to your body when riding at steady velocity in a car or bus. You can walk from one side of a bus to the other as it cruises down a straight stretch of highway without bracing yourself against the forward motion that it gives you, but look how far down the highway you went as you made that crosswise trip! Your boat crossing the river does the same thing, but the additive effect of the current is much less dramatic because its speed is so much less. You can paddle at any angle across a huge river, whether that angle constitutes ferrying or not, and if all you could see was the water flowing by your hull, you'd have no idea which way the current was going (just like looking at the floor of the bus as you walk around in various directions as it cruises along. And don't be confused by lurching and velocity changes of the bus and how that affects your footing and the need to brace yourself. That's sort of like turbulence in a river, which can complicate things but doesn't affect the basic principle going on here). Same goes for if you were to drop a series of floating markers behind you and you looked back at them (they'd form a straight line directly behind your boat regardless of your heading relative to the direction of the current). These examples illustrate the straight-line travel of your boat through the water that supports it, regardless of whether that water happens to be moving as well, and regardless of the direction of that motion. You can observe this with the contrails of airliners too as they pass overhead in extremely strong crosswinds (the plane and the contrail both drift sideways together, indicating that even though the plane has a sideways component to its motion relative to the ground, it has no sideways component relative to the air that supports it).

This is that issue of frame of reference and relative motion again. It can be explained without examples, mathematically, but without starting a "book" along those lines, I'll suggest some additional food for thought. Consider the fact that if a boat's handling were affected in some discernible way as it moves through the water when there's steady current, why is it completely impossible for mariners on the ocean to detect current AT ALL until such time as they chart their progress by means of the sun and stars to find out what their course and speed have really been (or nowadays, by seeing what the GPS says about their true speed and direction of travel relative to their measured speed through the water and their compass heading)? Once you understand why this is so, you will understand what I've been trying to explain. I once knew an excellent physics teacher who had an absolutely superb method for illustrating this, but I can't get my chalk board onto P-net.

So put yourself on a really wide river and ONLY look down at the water as you paddle, and try to see a difference in what the water does as it goes by your boat and try to feel any difference, while you paddle at various headings.

So to cut thru it…
are you saying that being able to hold a certain angle to the current, or maintain a desired heading as you pass over it, is a waste of time or part of a successful ferry?



I am not being argumentative, but I truly cannot tell at this point. You keep returning to whether edging is relevant even after I indicated that the Pungo has poor control options for the paddler to hold a course in current, period. Flat or edged.



Granted said angle may have to change. There is a river mouth adjacent to where we stay on vacation, and we have come back across it adding 10 degrees then another 10 degrees etc when we were crossing at the height of an ebb tide. But the idea remains the same, it is just that the current changes enough to require a steeper angle as we hit its maximum flow in the middle of the channel.


I’ll try to make this very basic

– Last Updated: Jun-20-14 9:49 AM EST –

Read bignate's post about ferrying. He gets it. Basically, you need to look at where the current is going, and how that will affect your actual direction of travel when going at any crosswise angle to the current (the same principle applies to going straight upstream or straight downstream, but in that case, true travel speed is the only thing that changes, and that's a simpler situation). To cross a zone of current and achieve the proper true travel direction, you need to see that you will be *traveling through the water* in a particular direction but that that whole sheet of water is moving too. If you want to be really technically aware, you could even AIM at a particular spot on the water (imagine marking that spot with a free-floating buoy) and paddle straight toward it. If you could paddle straight toward a drifting buoy, you would get there while doing that you would see that you are going a straight line through the water that supports you (there'd be no need to "lead" the marker buoy). The trick is, aiming for the particular spot of moving water (imagine having a couple of dozen buoys in a row so that you could choose which one to aim for) that's the RIGHT spot, the one that will have drifted down to your target destination by the time you reach it. THAT's what choosing your ferry angle amounts to.

Yes, different current speeds will require different headings relative to the current direction to cross the flow going in a particular *true* travel direction, but if you understand the first paragraph, it's easy to see why. A faster current requires greater lead (you have to aim at a parcel of water that's farther upstream from your target destination). The same adjustments must be made to account for your own paddling speed, OR you can adjust your paddling speed to make it possible to cross at the angle of your choosing (a pro quarterback with a really strong arm doesn't need to "lead" a crosswise-running receiver as much a young kid who's throwing the same pass. That's not a truly analogous situation but the principle is the same). However, your own possible choices of paddling speeds covers a much smaller range than the range of current speeds you may encounter, so the main thing is current speed, and therefore the main thing you need to adjust is your heading relative to the current (your ferry angle).

This idea of aiming at a drifting parcel of water on the other side, ideally marked by a free-floating buoy, is just a visualization tool. In actual fact, what you will do to "choose the proper parcel of drifting water to aim at" is to take note of your true direction of travel while underway, and aim a little more upstream if you are getting downstream of your destination, and aim a little more downstream if you are making progress upriver during your crossing (that's assuming you really DO want to cross at a right angle, but of course other angles of crossing can be chosen). That brings up the point though, except for the jet ferry described below, you can't ferry directly across a current that has a speed which is faster than your maximum paddling speed. If the current is faster than you can paddle, you can ferry across, but your ferry angle will need to be pointed almost straight upstream and your true course will have a component of downstream drift.

All this talk so far is about steady current, and really wide rivers are the best places to test these ideas. If, while in steady current you needed to constantly edge your boat as you say, that would mean that the current is constantly pushing on your boat, but it's not. That can only happen if some outside force causes your boat to resist moving at the same speed as the current. It has to be an *outside* force (which is not possible to attain by pushing with your paddle against the same water that supports you). Wind can provide that force, and really strong winds can let you do some really crazy ferries in combination with a river's current (it's a blast - I did it once in my guide-boat in winds that were over 40 mph. A kayak would have far too little "sail area" to have done the same thing though). Wind is also the reason your boat will turn sideways to the wind when you drift freely, and in that case you are just crosswise to the direction that the wind is pushing you *through the water* that supports you. Canoers using poles create this outside force by connecting their boat to the river bottom with the pole, and again, the handling of the boat is completely different in certain ways than when the paddle is used.

On that note, here's a key thing to think about too. Old time *ferry barges* could maintain an angle that would propel them across the river in the manner that you refer to, but that was only because they were attached to a tight cable across the river via a rolling pulley connection. They could even adjust their speed to some extent by adjusting the angle (in a flawless, frictionless system, they could theoretically attain very high speed, but friction at the cable connection, high drag of the barge when moving forward, and the downstream sag in the cable actually made that impossible). In the absence of that cable to provide the outside force which makes the boat oppose the current, the ferry barge would simply drift downstream, still at its "ferry angle" but with that angle accomplishing nothing. This is the same reason that a kite flying in the wind will simply fall to earth if you cut its string. Even if the kite had an onboard gyroscope to maintain it's posture and proper angle of lift, it would simply fall to the ground without an outside force to oppose that of the wind. When crossing a wide river, your boat is like a ferry barge with no cable. Simply holding an angle accomplishes nothing.

The "jet ferry" I refer to is something that we all feel when suddenly entering a new zone of flow, and this is different. The boat has momentum, and that momentum causes the boat to resist drifting with the current when that new current is first encountered, and thus the current pushes on the boat. If the current is fast, it can be necessary to lean the boat just to keep the crosswise flow beneath the boat from flipping you, but that same crosswise flow is what lets you use the current as a propulsive force. The momentum of the boat plays the same role as the cable across the river for an old-time ferry barge, or the string that causes a kite to rise up from the ground. In extreme cases, you can really make your boat "take off" by maintaining the right ferry angle when first jumping into a zone of rapid current, but that effect rapidly fades away as the boat's momentum is overcome and its drifting speed increases to eventually match that of the current. Once drifting speed matches the current, you can keep ferrying, but only by the method described in the first paragraph, and at that point, you no longer need your edge because the water isn't pushing against the side of your boat anymore (at this point, your boat has become "a passenger on the bus" that I described in my earlier post). You are simply along for the ride, aiming for a spot within that path of moving water on the other side of the river that will arrive at your target destination at the same time you reach that chosen parcel of drifting water.

Too true…
we learn skills out of need and learn them best when there is a bit of risk in the endeavor.



The fine line is finding those situations where learning takes place and no injury ensues so that you learn the skill without the downside. It’s not easy to find that balance of risk vs. skill.



Example: I took a surf zone class when I’d been in a kayak for only a couple of hours. The waves were small (3 feet or so, but dumping). It was pretty much a lesson where you learned skills quickly or you learned how tasty pebbles marinated in Monterey Bay actually are and how heavy a boat filled with water actually is. I learned a lot about boat handling, but most of the others in the group were a bit beyond their skills and comfort level. I continued to learn skills while those that got pounded a few times learned that kayaking wasn’t for them.



Instructors, all paddlers, really, don’t always have the luxury of ideal training conditions. We often must live with the conditions we find on the day we paddle. With luck, this provides opportunities to learn without grossly exceeding one’s skill set, but conditions change and if the skill set doesn’t rise to the current conditions, bad things can happen in a hurry.



Rick

So - summary

– Last Updated: Jun-20-14 10:47 AM EST –

1) We agree on the need to be able to manage your angle for ferrying. That could have been said in fewer than four long paragraphs telling me how to something I already know how to do, but maybe it'll be useful someone else. And I have done jet ferries in tidal zones at river mouths and on a smaller, tighter river, albeit with a much lower percentage of perfection than I would like. I know what they are.

2) It appears that have more time actually sitting in a Pungo and working with unskilled paddlers in them than you do.

Missed the point on all counts

– Last Updated: Jun-22-14 1:41 PM EST –

1. How convenient to once again ignore what I said. I wasn't telling you how to pick your ferry angle. I was telling you why, that when crossing a current with which your boat is at equilibrium, edging accomplishes nothing, and I chose to do so by mapping out what's actually happening as you ferry across steady current. Go and really investigate that topic as to why operators of boats on the open ocean can't see any evidence of even the strongest of currents as they travel - don't just pretend it isn't true so you can keep talking the same line.

2. No, I haven't paddled Pungos, but I've paddled canoes in swiftwater that are far more cumbersome than a Pungo, and I'll stand by the idea that the simple maneuvers that have been mentioned in this thread can be done by anyone who knows how to paddle, in any boat, and very easily (just a bit slower is all). Along those lines, several rec-boat users in our local club have no trouble in Class-II stuff, simply because they see what the current is doing and are able to plan accordingly. Edging isn't in their vocabulary, but they can read the river and thereby choose the proper direction to end up on the correct path of travel. They are paddling in rapids that are FAR more complex than the escape-the-current situation desired by the OP, in spite of their use of non-specialized boats. Your whole premise (the one that started it all), that the situation described by the OP will be difficult to handle without edging, preferably in a whitewater boat, is simply ludicrous.

And now that you have made the Pungo thing into an insult, its clear that your level of talk is far above your level of real understanding (reminder: go back to to that open-ocean navigation situation again, and learn why it is what it is). I really can't believe you've spent much time paddling swiftwater rivers. Either that, or, just like the stuff that's been too far over your head to even grasp its relevance thus far, you aren't correctly interpreting the interaction of your boat and the water. I'm guessing it's the former, and I'm not the first one to think that. One other time, not that long ago, I tried to clarify when edging is needed and when it's not (not being at equilibrium with the current versus being at equilibrium), and after your reply totally ignored the pertinent aspects (I should have known better than to try even harder this time), I got an email from one of the very experienced whitewater paddlers here which was none too complimentary about your reply to me. I know you have a lot of open-water experience, but swift water? Not a chance.

Your urge to sound like an authority in spite of not remotely understanding what I said reminds me of the time not long ago when you similarly didn't understand a post by g2d/ezwater. In spite of the fact that he's one of the most knowledgeable canoe paddlers here, your response was to "explain" to him the purpose of a J-stroke.

Upstream ferry & edging; CFS

– Last Updated: Jun-20-14 6:38 PM EST –

I haven't been following the details of the GBG-Celia debate, but it has been suggested that an additional simple tactic for the OP would have been an upstream ferry.

That would, of course, require turning the Pungo at least about 120 degrees. I don't know how easily a Pungo spins, but any boat should spin around better in current (or in flatwater) with a downstream lean (=heel=edge). However, it's not clear that a nervous novice would be comfortable or safe attempting an edged or heeled turn in such big and powerful water.

For if the Black was over 7000 CFS that day, that is a huge and powerful amount of water for any boater. It would be much better for a novice to practice back ferries and upstream ferries, and other basic river moves, on no more than average flow levels in places without much gradient. Then, gradually over a season, kick it up notch by notch.

Jet ferry on wave face
GBG, that’s a nice explanation of the physics of an upstream ferry from slower current into a faster current.



When I think of a “real” jet ferry, it’s in whitewater with the additional component of an upstream wave face. The classic situation is ferrying upstream across a sharp current differential line (most usually an eddy line) on the upstream face of a standing wave. If the wave has the right shape and length, gravity will keep the boat on the upstream wave face and the boat won’t begin to drift downstream with the current. With good initial momentum, you can jet ferry completely laterally to an adjacent mid-river or bank eddy at high speed using just a downstream heel and a static high brace draw. Blast!!!

Don’t know the Black River…
but looking at the gage, it must have been flowing pretty well on the 17th when the OP was out.



http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/dv?cb_00060=on&format=gif_default&site_no=04260500&referred_module=sw&period=10&begin_date=2013-06-20&end_date=2014-06-20



Looks like it peaked at 9000 on the 16th, and was still running round 8500 on the 17th. That quick increase in volume is certainly a red flag, but looking at some pictures, it also looks like a river that can handle large volumes of water.



http://www.panoramio.com/photo/39067487



At 6.5 feet, it was still a long way from flood stage (10 feet) or the peak recorded flow (55000 - yikes).



It actually reminds me of my local river the Blackstone, which is also dam controlled and subject to relatively quick changes in flow. The Blackstone actually gets easier at higher water levels, although a mistake could result in a pretty long swim.



Intersting excersize, but it doesn’t change any of the recomnendations above – don’t paddle alone, don’t paddle rivers you don’t know, and get some training.



Looks like there is a beautiful waterfall on the Black River . Anyone know anthing about it.



http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/56/ca/51/black-river.jpg


Jet Ferry on the Shepaug
You can see daggermat’s son Aaron do a hanging draw ferry at about 00:37 in this video:



http://vimeo.com/8213852



Just a slight lean on the way across.



Hard to believe that was 6 years ago – time flies.

Where not to learn how to paddle safely?
Reading internet forums.

Physics of Ferrying

– Last Updated: Jun-22-14 1:23 PM EST –

Nearly all the classic explanations I've seen dealing with the interaction between a boat's direction of travel and the current involve the boat moving at a right angle to the current and thereby crossing at a downstream angle. Too bad they never use an example that's directly applicable to what a paddler is most likely to be attempting. The "straight across" travel direction is pretty easy to grasp, but for some reason, what I've often found when talking about these things is that once you introduce an upstream angle of propulsion, many people completely lose sight of the fact that the boat really IS just traveling forward through the water in the same manner as any other time, with or without current. What I'd love to see someone do to demonstrate this, would be to video a boat's progress at various angles to the current, including typical ferrying, using both a stationary overhead camera and an overhead camera that actually follows the current and maintains a discrete parcel of the water within the frame of view during the whole exercise. Superimposing the "still-water" frame of reference onto a moving-water situation would be the perfect way to clarify what I was trying - and totally failing - to convey earlier to Celia. The overhead-camera method would be an expensive undertaking, but it could also be conveyed with modern computer graphics really easily (not by me though).

Nearly everyone understands the principle of the current adding to your "real" travel speed when you paddle downstream, and subtracting from your "real" travel speed when paddling upstream, but the concept that does NOT makes sense to a lot of folks is that the same principles apply to any other direction of travel within a current as well, with the only difference being that trigonometry is involved in figuring out the true speed and direction instead of just addition/subtraction. When one understands what's going on, they will realize why there's no alteration of the hydrodynamics between boat and hull (and thus no edging needed) when on any cross-current heading, except of course to adjust for sudden bursts of new current velocity that are encountered for various reasons (and those are common enough for us paddlers to potentially distract a person from thinking about the general principles of going cross-current).

I just looked for a video explaining this better than I can, and found a pretty good one on my first try.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fVz1XoPoNU

There's not actually anything here to emphasis the fact that a boat (or swimmer) is moving straight forward through the water that supports it (or him/her in the case of the swimmer), no matter which direction it is propelling itself (himself/herself) in relation to the current, but to anyone who actually understands the principle being explained, that fact will be abundantly clear. Now, if only his final example had made the swimmer as fast as a paddler, that example would have illustrated a perfect ferry.

One thing that's interesting if you follow the math in this video, is that a ferry is not the fastest way to cross a river, even though most people automatically assume that it is. It's the shortest in terms of distance traveled relative to the fixed river bottom, but the distance traveled through the water is longer than it needs to be (a shortcut - no math needed - to determine distance paddled through the water is to pretend there's no current and just extend the line along the initial path until it reaches the opposite bank, and measure the length of it). To cross in the shortest period of time, you'd need to choose the path that involves the shortest distance of through-the-water propulsion, and that is to aim straight for the opposite bank and then end up somewhere downstream of your original target (in that case, the actual distance traveled would be greater, but the *time* of travel, and the distance of propelling oneself through the water, would be least).

Jet-Ferry on Standing Wave

– Last Updated: Jun-22-14 3:03 PM EST –

That's a type of fun I've mainly played with on a smaller scale, as smaller waves are what I usually see (had a near-disaster doing it on a big wave once, but somehow I stayed upright). It's interesting that you describe the physics of ferrying across the face of a wave in the way that you do. I've lost my best surfing/ferrying photos, but for one shot out of a series taken on one tiny wave, I explained what was going on in a very similar manner to what you did just now. The only difference was that I mentioned the hole behind a little drop in the same way you spoke of the face of the wave (in my example, the hole was tiny (microscopic by whitewater standards), but getting out of it in the downstream direction was "uphill" if the boat was angled enough to get enough of the hull into it, so the principle was the same).

http://tinyurl.com/k5juoxe

To mitigate…
I likely missed the upstream v downstream part of what the OPer had to do, and that may have been creating confusion. I got so distracted by trying to get a direct answer out of guideboatguy rather than a protracted lecture on how to ferry that I lost track of some of the original issues.

The original issue was “edging”

– Last Updated: Jun-22-14 1:50 PM EST –

I tried to explain why edging isn't needed during simple situations like this, and used crossing the current as an example since that's what the OP needed to do to get to the riverbank. When your reply indicated that you still thought edging was needed, I tried a more-detailed approach - details you simply weren't ready to listen to.

The downstream lean Glen refers to here is needed when punching into a zone of stronger flow while making the turn, or if there's already an upstream component to the boat's velocity at the start of the turn, but not for the ferry itself, and not if the turn is simply done by paddling in a tight circle (same as you'd do on flatwater) while drifting along. That's why I said edging need not be the solution.

Talking simply about turning the boat
Virtually all boats, especially a flatwater design, will turn more easily when heeled close to the gunwale (=edge) to free the stems and shorten the waterline. This is so in current or still water.



The lean (=heel=edge) I’m talking about is simply to help turn the Pungo into the upstream ferry angle. Once at the proper ferry angle, heeling (edging) may not be necessary to effect the ferry.

Yes

– Last Updated: Jun-22-14 4:01 PM EST –

I understand that, and in fact, the situation I mentioned about paddling upstream and suddenly turning sharply, thus needing to lean downstream, is virtually the same as when paddling very fast on still water and initiating the very same sharp turn (I'll leave out the explanatory details this time). And I understand the idea of lifting the stems to make any such turn happen quicker.

Still, making a sharp turn happen slowly while drifting, or slowly pivoting the boat with simple sweep strokes while drifting, requires no such lean. It's the fact that the OP could have burned up 100 feet of downstream drift while getting turned to the proper heading while doing it this way that made the original backferry idea so appealing (that was my reasoning anyway, and I wonder if that was your reasoning for bringing up that method in the first place). In any case, some of Celia's replies made it clear that she believes that any paddling while at an angle to the current requires a constant lean, so that's why I tried to differentiate being at equilibrium with the current and not being, because during a normal ferry (or when paddling in any other direction but not across eddy lines) one is at equilibrium with the current.

My original point was that the mere fact that a boat can't easily be edged or heeled doesn't *prevent* a person from making a nice, clean maneuver, and it sure need not be the reason the OP got "trapped" in the main flow for so long, unable to escape. Being in a boat that isn't easy to lean just means that some slower process must be used. An experienced paddler in that same situation, in that same Pungo, could have smoothly exited to the river bank in a few seconds. You could have done it, I could have done it, and so could plenty of others (Celia was putting way too much blame on the boat). And there are plenty of good paddlers who can make a rec kayak lean "enough" to help a lot.

Bu you hit the nail on the head (for the second time now) in saying this was the wrong situation for the OP to try out this stuff (whatever particular trick one might choose), and I assume you mean regardless of what boat is being used.

The story reminded me of something

– Last Updated: Jun-22-14 4:31 PM EST –

This is of no great importance, but some might remember that last spring, someone here posted a link to a video that a guy made on a little creek near Chicago, right after the area had gone through some really torrential, record-setting rainstorms. He used a head-mounted camera to record his story, launching on the flooded creek and (apparently) trying out his new rec kayak for the first time. One thing he said as he narrated the beginning of the trip was that he knew next to nothing about paddling, but that he hoped that before the trip was over, his skill level would be a lot better. Yeah, bad idea.

The creek was way up into the trees, and his camera recorded several instances of him just not knowing what to do, but "getting by". Eventually he got his boat stuck in a strainer (a perfectly avoidable strainer - not that it would have made sense to be on that creek in those conditions), and managed to work his way along that fallen tree to climb out on shore (it looked like the boat was non-recoverable, at least until the creek went down).

The guy who posted the video made it really clear that he had had no idea what he was getting into, that he easily could have died, and that the whole idea of going on that creek on that day had been a huge mistake. Still, a bunch of people posted really insulting comments, comments that didn't take into account what the guy really wanted to show - the fact that his own ignorance got him into trouble. That was too bad, because even though at first he replied to them by emphasizing that he was not too proud to show how stupid he had been and that he'd been lucky to escape unhurt and alive, eventually the stream of personal insults caused him to give up and he took it down. I thought it was the kind of video that someone, somewhere, might benefit from, and thought that it was commendable that the poster publicly recognized the fact that he hadn't known enough to even know what he didn't know.

This in a reply at least four days ago
"Edging or not (sounds like some portion of the OPer’s path may have been amenable to a jet ferry), the paddler still has to control the angle of the boat to the current for a ferry. The Pungo has no grip to do that decently without some nasty action on the paddler’s knee caps. "



Note the “or not” part. I really did mean that. I don’t think you ever noticed it.

Some comments,
First of all, the big debate about edging and various ferries is somewhat irrelevant. This is an inexperienced boater who probably would feel very uncomfortable trying to edge on purpose to accomplish anything other than keeping from tipping over (Only advice would be to always lean downstream, not upstream, when in heavy current, if your boat gets anywhere near crossways to the current and is going slower than the current.) As for ferrying, it’s really pretty simple, and the backferry is pretty easy to do in a Pungo with a double bladed paddle. In the simplest explanation, you’re backpaddling to make the boat go slower than the current, and putting the boat at an angle so that the current hits the side of the boat that is away from the sideways direction you want to go, and pushes the boat in that direction. Depending upon the rate of flow and paddling speed, the current will either be moving you sideways relative to the direction of flow while you’re going downstream more slowly than the current, or while you’re actually holding steady or even going upstream if the current is slow enough and your backpaddling speed fast enough. Spinning around to do an upstream forward ferry may or may not work better, but in fast, heavy current, the act of spinning the boat around in itself can be dangerous for the inexperienced.



River gauges…the most important piece of info to look at is the MEDIAN flow for that date, shown in the flow in cubic feet per second table and by the little triangles in the flow graph. If the river is flowing considerably more water than the median, it’s high and faster than normal. Then look at the 75th percentile flow in that same table. If the river is flowing around that or higher, it’s QUITE high, and probably getting dangerous.