I rely on a deck mounted GPS for current speed, avg speed, total time and moving time. GeoTrack, which is I believe just an android app, runs as a background app in a waterproof Pelican case. That is mostly use to analyze performance to assess how conditions affected the overall trip.
I don’t rely exclusively on powered aids. More than once, I either forgot to change batteries, installed drained batteries, or left a device home. Compounding that, I’ve unitentionally left the battery saver activated on the phone, which shuts down GeoTrack to preserve battery life. For that reason, I always have a deck mounted compass and a nautical chart of the area in a waterproof chart case secured under the deck bungees. Inside the chart case, I have trip data notes - time started, high and low tides with height of the surge, which indicates power of the current.
For unfamiliar locations, consult a nautical chart of the area to pre-plan the trip. Scan and plot a course for the location of interest. By consulting a chart, you can assess and plot the most favorable. For example, a course around an island may be equal distance, by knowing conditions and tides, you might select a yellow course to coincide an assist from a falling tide and river outflow, rather than fight the current by following the red course. By waiting to make the decision on location, the consequences aren’t so apparent. You might not realize your folly until you make the turn at the southern tip of the Island and head into a 3 mph current. That could add up to an hour to your trip. You should also note bottom depths for shallows and channels that can accentuate wave action and currents.
Use dividers to pace off distances, or better still, use a strip of paper. Pin the starting point and select a waypoint; gently pin that spot, then rotate the paper to select the next way point. Once plotted, go to the scale and mark the distances between waypoints. You should have a sense of your typical speed potential, eslecially when paddling open water. Mark each pin hole location with the waypoint name, and note the distance and anticipated time to reach at normal speed. Any variation, either faster or slower, confirms you’re on or off your projected schedule. While greater progress than anticipated can be a good sign, realize that it may signal greater resistance on the return trip.
By sampling progress at waypoint, you can assess conditions. Noteworth waypoints include landmarks, hills, inlets, peninsulas, islands, towers, smoke stacks, and channel markers. Paddling into a current slows progess one to one (ex: 3 mph into a 1 mph current is 2 mph progess). Wind’s impact on progress is more exonential than linear as wind speed increases.
Open water can be disorienting, distances may be hard to judge, and many shore features can look alike. It may be helpful to add compass bearings for landmark as viewed from the waypoint. That can confirm you are at the right spot.
Another advantage of a chart is the ability to find safe harbor in the event of unanticipated conditions. Additionally, by studying the chart, you can visually assess the distance covered and decide whether you can cover additional distance or feel you should cut short a trip.