You can’t tell from the photo, but the tab does not fit into the slot (yellow arrow). It is too long (side to side). You can see from the wear marks (red arrow) that it has been angled into place.
If you by a new Current Design seat back same thing happens seat back doesn’t fit older seat base is not long enough. You may need to buy seat base and back together.
Velcro was probably there for a removable pocket of some kind – I have seen that with some replacement seats. I agree this is an aftermarket seat. I bought my sister in law an older Perception Monterey 14 last Summer ( different model but same era as the Sonoma and same seat) and the seat back is solid plastic, no nylon cover, with a tab that slips easily into that slot. Here’s the catalog with specs on your new boat in case you are interested.